Biography of Dorothy Vaughan, Groundbreaking NASA Mathematician

Dorothy Vaughan (September 20, 1910 – November 10, 2008) was an African American mathematician and computer. In her time working for NASA, she became the first African American woman to hold a supervisory position and helped the institution transition to computer programming. Fast Facts: Dorothy Vaughan Full Name: Dorothy Johnson VaughanOccupation: Mathematician and computer programmerBorn: September 20, 1910 in  Kansas City, MissouriDied: November 10, 2008 in Hampton,  VirginiaParents: Leonard and Annie JohnsonSpouse: Howard Vaughan (m. 1932); they had six childrenEducation: Wilberforce University, B.A. in mathematics Early Life Dorothy Vaughan was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the daughter of Leonard and Annie Johnson. The Johnson family soon moved to Morgantown, West Virginia, where they stayed throughout Dorothy’s childhood. She quickly proved to be a talented student, graduating early from high school at the age of 15 as her graduating class’ valedictorian. At Wilberforce University, a historically black college in Ohio, Vaughan studied mathematics. Her tuition was covered by a full-ride scholarship from the West Virginia Conference of the A.M.E. Sunday School Convention. She graduated with her bachelor’s degree in 1929, only 19 years old, cum laude. Three years later, she married Howard Vaughan, and the couple moved to Virginia, where they initially lived with Howard’s wealthy and well-respected family. From Teacher to Computer Although Vaughan was encouraged by her professors at Wilberforce to go to graduate school at Howard University, she declined, instead taking a job at Robert Russa Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia, so that she could help support her family during the Great Depression. During this time, she and her husband Howard had six children: two daughters and four sons. Her position and education placed her as an admired leader in her community. Dorothy Vaughan taught high school for 14 years during the era of racially segregated education. In 1943, during World War II, she took a job at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the predecessor to NASA) as a computer. NACA and the rest of the federal agencies had technically desegregated in 1941 by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Vaughan was assigned to the West Area Computing group at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Despite women of color being recruited actively, they were still segregated into groups separate from their white counterparts.   Nasa.gov The computing group consisted of expert female mathematicians who dealt with complex mathematical calculations, nearly all done by hand. During the war, their work was connected to the war effort, since the government firmly believed that the war would be won on the strength of air forces. The scope of activity at NACA expanded considerably after WWII ended and the space program began in earnest. For the most part, their work involved reading data, analyzing it, and plotting it for use by the scientists and engineers. Although the women—both white and black—often held degrees similar to (or even more advanced than) the men who worked at NASA, they were only hired for lower positions and pay. Women could not be hired as engineers. Supervisor and Innovator In 1949, Dorothy Vaughan was assigned to supervise the West Area Computers, but not in an official supervisory role. Instead, she was given the role as acting head of the group (after their previous supervisor, a white woman, died). This meant the job didn’t come with the expected title and pay bump. It took several years and advocating for herself before she was finally given the role of supervisor in an official capacity and the benefits that came with it. Vaughan did not just advocate for herself, but also worked hard to advocate for more opportunities for women. Her intention was not just to help her West Computing colleagues, but women across the organization, including white women. Eventually, her expertise came to be highly valued by the engineers at NASA, who relied heavily on her recommendations to match projects with the computers whose skills aligned best. In 1958, NACA became NASA and segregated facilities were completely and finally abolished. Vaughan worked in the Numerical Techniques division and, in 1961, shifted her focus to the new frontier of electronic computing. She figured out, earlier than many others, that electronic computers were going to be the future, so she set out to make sure she—and the women in her group—were prepared. During her time at NASA, Vaughan also contributed directly to projects on the space program with her work on the Scout Launch Vehicle Program, a particular type of rocket designed to launch small satellites into orbit around the Earth. Vaughan taught herself the programming language FORTRAN that was used for early computing, and from there, she taught it to many of her colleagues so they would be prepared for the inevitable transition away from manual computing and towards electronics. Eventually, she and several of her West Area Computing colleagues joined the newly formed Analysis and Computation Division, a race- and gender-integrated group working to expand the horizons of electronic computing. Although she tried to receive another management position, she was never granted one again. Photographs from Dorothy Vaughans retirement party. Vaughan retired from NASA in 1971.   Courtesy Vaughan Family /  Nasa.gov Later Life and Legacy Dorothy Vaughan worked at Langley for 28 years while raising six children (one of whom followed in her footsteps and worked at NASA’s Langley facility). In 1971, Vaughan finally retired at the age of 71. She continued to be active in her community and her church throughout retirement, but lived a fairly quiet life. Vaughan died on November 10, 2008 at the age of 98, less than a week after the election of America’s first black president, Barack Obama. Vaughan’s story came to public attention in 2016, when Margot Lee Shetterly published her nonfiction book Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race. The book was made into a popular feature film, Hidden Figures, which was nominated for Best Picture at the 2017 Academy Awards and won the 2017 Screen Actors Guild Award for best ensemble (the guild’s equivalent of a best picture award). Vaughan is one of the three main characters in the film, along with colleagues Katherine Johnson and Mary Jackson. She’s portrayed by Oscar-winning actress Octavia Spencer. Sources Dorothy Vaughan. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Shetterly, Margot Lee. Dorothy Vaughan Biography. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Shetterly, Margot Lee. Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race. William Morrow Company, 2016.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1010 Words

Natalie Kluck Ms. Finstuen English 11 AP December 13 2016 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay Huckleberry Finn is a fictional character created by Mark Twain who first appeared in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and is the narrator of its sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the novel, Huck changes his ethical approach, the method by which he makes his decisions, as he progresses down the Mississippi River. One example of this is his perception of his dear friend, Tom Sawyer, who in the beginning he respects and honors. In the end, he realizes the dangers of the plots that appear in Tom’s imagination through the consequences the duo face. This adjustment in attitude can be noted in several separate instances†¦show more content†¦These occurrences display the starting point of Huck’s ethical journey as he starts his physical odyssey. He will later learn that his independence goes more with his true morals and would have saved avoidable dangers. We begin seeing Huck start to question Tom’s methods in chapter 34 of the novel. Huck offers his plan of saving Jim from the corruption of slavery and Tom does what Tom does best, offers his imaginative, threatening touch. Huck explains how he â€Å"couldn’t understand it no way at all. It was outrageous, and [he] knowed [he] ought to just up and tell him so; and be his true friend , and let him quit the thing† (225). Although, he unsuccessfully expresses this to Tom, it is the commencement of the changed mindset now becoming autonomous. He still has admiration to Tom’s additions but begins to now show grievance or even annoyance when he predicts their intrusion into his ideas as we can see when he admits â€Å" I never said nothing because I warn’t expecting nothing different; but I knowed mighty well that whenever he got his plan ready it wouldn’t have none of them objections to it† (224). Huck realizes that the respect for each other s plans is not two sided and with the emphasize on the him, readers can conclude the agitation in his tone from this understanding. Huck’s recognition of the audacious plans and his discontent with the unequal association present the development in the character as a dependent in the beginning into the start of aShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Connecting to a Wi-Fi Internet Provider

Question: Describe a Case Study for Connecting to a Wi-Fi internet provider. Answer: Description of case study A company had about 1000 employees. They require internet service 24 X 7 as their work involves software designing. Recently, the company had been facing difficulties trying to connect to a Wi-Fi Internet provider. A project was done to reduce the difficulties while connecting the Wi- Fi Internet provider. Solutions Experience in the project The experience in the project was very good. I had learnt about the alternative options of Wi Fi provider and had also learnt about the technologies used in Wi- Fi Internet provider. I had also learnt about the procedures to repair Wi- Fi Internet provider and handle a large problem efficiently. The experience was an exciting one and it helped me to explore a new dimension of technology. The solutions used to address the problem The other employees used the Wi- Fi of the company for their personal purpose. This had increased the number of users of Wi- Fi and it had resulted in difficulties while connecting it (Pesavento et al., 2015). The solution to this problem was to increase the security by enabling network encryption and creating strong password for the Wi- Fi system. The software of the router must be kept up-to-date and the remote access should be disabled. These would solve the problem of connecting Wi- Fi. A special-cause or common-cause This is regarded as a common cause because difficulties are faced in every company when they try to connect the Wi- Fi. Not every company disable their remote access and they do not have a strong password for their Wi- Fi network (Elmhedwi et al., 2015). This increases the load on the Wi- Fi router and it becomes difficult to connect at times. It is also seen that every company uses Wi- Fi for their internet connection as connecting via LAN causes inconvenience while moving the laptop from one place to another. The solution or approach used appropriate for the cause The solution given was appropriate for this purpose. This is because the employees could not access the Wi- Fi of the office. This had reduced the load on the Wi- Fi router and it had solved the problems during connection. The up gradation of the softwares had made the router efficient to handle more users at a time (Singh et al., 2014). Solution when the issue repeats If the issue repeats itself, then I would suggest the company to opt for LAN connection. This would reduce the issues while connecting and it would work faster. The company would be suggested to install more routers and increase the strength if their Wi- Fi system if the problem occurs again during connecting Wi- Fi (Akman et al., 2013). Conclusions drawn from the problem-solving or process-improvement techniques It can be concluded that the methods of problem solving are quite simple and it would not cost much for the company. The production and the business of the company would increase on applying these methods of improving the Wi- Fi connection of the company. In addition, it would reduce the idle time of the employees. References Akman, A., Eker, O., Yargicoglu, B., Kement, C. E., Atalar, M. (2013).U.S. Patent Application No. 13/907,343. Elmhedwi, T. R., Elmabrouk, S. K., Sherif, M. A. (2015, March). Practical Risk Management Plan of Wi-Fi Network Deployment; Case Study. InIndustrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-10). IEEE. Pesavento, D., Grassi, G., Pau, G., Bahl, P., Fdida, S. (2015, September). Demo: Car-Fi: Opportunistic V2I by Exploiting Dual-Access Wi-Fi Networks. InProceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(pp. 173-175). ACM. Singh, D., Tripathi, G., Jara, A. J. (2014, March). A survey of Internet-of-Things: Future vision, architecture, challenges and services. InInternet of things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE world forum on(pp. 287-292). IEEE.

Sop for Student Visa to Newzealand free essay sample

After the completion of my studies in New Zealand, I would like to work as a pilotin reputed airlines. During my school days I have seen that pilots who are working in majorairlines are well trained, have qualified skills and I have also found that a great number ofpeople have obtained their qualification from abroad. Due to this, they have a lot of highqualities. I have also decided to go abroad for higher studies and come back to join in an Airlinesproviding good salary and benefits. o I have discussed with my parents and they have agreed tosend me abroad for further studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Student Visa to Newzealand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I choose New Zealand because New Zealand studies are well known for qualityeducation and the students from all over the world are studying over there and after obtainingproper qualification they make their future bright. As well as some girls and boys belonging toour district are also studying there and even a few of my friends also suggest me to go to NewZealand for further studies. In the last two years the number of international students in NewZealand has risen by over 8000. Apart from being a great place to get a first rate education, NewZealand is also a fantastic place to live. It provides a welcoming and multicultural society with apopulation that originates from around 50 countries. New Zealand people have a reputation forbeing amongst the friendliest in the world, and New Zealand cities are safe and clean, with lowcrime rates. New Zealand is an increasingly popular study destination with internationalstudents from across the globe. For many students, New Zealand may represent a better studydestination than other popular alternatives like the UK and the USA. The New Zealand educationsystem is much organized. Highly qualified staff help raise the quality of education. Aftercompleting my course in New Zealand, I will be able to get a job anywhere in the world as apilot. The things I particularly like about studying in New Zealand are the culturaldiversity, the high standards of education and the New Zealand peoples way of living. Lots offriends make it asy to live happily and feel at home in New Zealand. Its a very good idea topursue studies in New zealand if one is really serious about his/her career. The fee structure ofPilot course in New Zealand cheaper than that of other Countries like Canada USA. So this isthe reason why I have choosen New Zealand for higher studies. Further I would like to say thatmy father has sufficient funds to support me for this course. After the Completion of this course,I am sure th at I will get a good job in India.