Transcendentalism Essays (910 words) - Lecturers, Mystics

Transcendentalism Transcendentalism revealed itself in the beginning of the 19th century with talented writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman. These well-educated men brought such ideas as individualism, imagination, and nature to life through their works. Many writers in the transcendentalism period included such characteristics in their pieces. Some of the characteristics are spiritual well being, individualism, nature, and imagination. There are some that make these characteristics more evident than others are such as, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, I Sit and Look Out by Walt Whitman, and I Hear America Singing also by Walt Whitman. Walden by Henry David Thoreau, was a well-written piece and thoroughly explains and describes nature and the spiritual utopia that comes with it. " The bullfrogs trump to usher in the night," this explains the likeness of nature's bullfrogs to musical beauty and song. " What sort of space is that which separates a man from his fellows and makes him solitary? I have found that no exertion of the legs can bring two minds much nearer to one another..." In response to the men who frequently pester him about loneliness he says this and it clarifies that when one is alone in the wilderness or just solitary in general, far away from the cities, fellow humans, and busy life, he isn't farther away because of the distance there is between he and the other. He insinuates that the mind could distance one from any other more or less than the exertion of one's legs, and that a journey far from civilization could bring two people closer together mentally than ever before. " Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its eyelids and becomes dormant for three months or more." Here, Thoreau describes the pond in the winter. He describes it as once lively and busy in the fall and summer, now is dormant and still, like a picture. The fish don't scurry about as they did in the frisky winter, but now they just float and are motionless, like the waves that were once evident in the summer months. This work of Thoreau's just describes nature, one of the characteristics that make up transcendentalism. Walt Whitman was a man who could write about a subject in two opposing ways, but still is the same story in a different perspective. I Hear America Singing is about a man watching, hearing the sounds of the people and their many contributions to society. The song of everyone merrily doing their job and liking it, getting things done with a smile on their face and having an incredible outlook on life. " The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing." This states that each person who is being mentioned is singing, rejoicing to what is his or hers, whether it be their duties as an individual, or life in general. " The day what belongs to the day?at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs." This says that the night is filled with young men singing of their lives, robust and loud with open mouths singing their full, euphonic song of life. This is a piece of a happier outlook on the life of the people all around and of the positive attitudes of many. Illustrating individualism and showing what one can make of their lives by being themselves and enjoying their own life. I Sit and Look Out is of complete contrast to I Hear America Singing. I Sit and Look Out describes a dark, sad, corrupted, sorrowful world. Whereas I Hear America Singing depicts a brighter and more upbeat society. Walt Whitman uses sad words describing emotion, and just all sorts of corruption imaginable. " I see the wife misused by her husband, I see the treacherous seducer of women," Here he paints the picture of the ignored, badly treated wife by her husband, and the wicked, devious, womanizer/ seducer of innocent women. "I see the workings of battle, pestilence, tyranny, I see the martyrs and prisoners." He observes the evil of war, and plague, of famine and tyranny, of helpless prisoners and sufferers. But chooses to be silent, to watch and be silent still. Individualism is illustrated here by him being only that of an individual and not able to put an end to all the sorrow. In conclusion, the transcendentalism period was one of great literary works. Bringing nature, imagination, and individualism to

Complex Words Definition and Examples

Complex Words Definition and Examples In English grammar and morphology, a complex word is a  word made up of two or more morphemes. Contrast with monomorphemic word. A complex word may consist of (1) a base (or root) and one or more affixes (for example, quicker), or (2) more than one root in a compound (for example, blackbird). Examples and Observations [W]e say that bookishness is a complex word, whose immediate components are bookish and -ness, which we can express in shorthand by spelling the word with dashes between each morph: book-ish-ness. The process of dividing a word into morphs is called parsing. (Keith M. Denning et al., English Vocabulary Elements. Oxford University Press, 2007) Transparency and Opaqueness A morphologically complex word is semantically transparent if its meaning is obvious from its parts: hence unhappiness is semantically transparent, being made up in a predictable fashion from un, happy, and ness. A word like department, even though it contains recognizable morphemes, is not semantically transparent. The meaning of depart in department is not obviously related to the depart in departure. It is semantically opaque. (Trevor A. Harley, The Psychology of Language: From Data to Theory. Taylor Francis, 2001) Blender Let us consider the complex word blender. What can we say about its morphology? One aspect we can mention is that it consists of two morphemes, blend and er. Besides, we can say that blend is the root, since it is not further analysable, and at the same time the base to which the suffix -er is attached. To conclude, if we carry out morphological analysis, we usually show what morphemes a word consists of and describe these morphemes in terms of their type. (Ingo Plag et al, Introduction to English Linguistics. Walter de Gruyer, 2007) The Hypothesis of Lexical Integrity The lexicon . . . is not just a set of words, but also comprises word combinations. For example, English (like most Germanic languages) has many verb-particle combinations, also called phrasal verbs of the type to look up which clearly consist of two words which are even separable: (20a) The student looked up the information(20b) The student looked the information up The verb look up cannot be one word since its two parts can be separated, as in sentence (20b). A basic assumption in morphology is the hypothesis of Lexical Integrity: the constituents of a complex word cannot be operated upon by syntactic rules. Put differently: words behave as atoms with respect to syntactic rules, which cannot look inside the word and see its internal morphological structure. Hence, the movement of up to the end of the sentence in (20b) can only be accounted for if look up is a combination of two words. That is, phrasal verbs such as lookup are certainly lexical units, but not words. Words are just a subset of the lexical units of a language. Another way of putting this is to say that look up is a listeme but not a lexeme of English (DiSciullo and Williams, 1987). Other examples of lexical multi-word units are adjective-noun combinations such as red tape, big toe, atomic bomb, and industrial output. Such phrases are established terms for referring to certain kinds of entities, and hence they must be listed in the lexicon. (Geert E. Booij, The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2012)